![]() EndometriosisĬutaneous endometriosis can rarely occur on the vulva at the site of previous obstetric or surgical trauma. Pilonidal disease is usually found at the upper end of the gluteal cleft, but has been reported as a painless papule or nodule on the vulva, particularly in the area around the clitoris, due to an ingrown hair forming a dermoid cyst. Involvement localised to the vulva has been rarely reported as a late-onset sporadic condition. ![]() The resultant skin papules drain an oily fluid when punctured. Steatocystoma is an autosomal dominant skin condition resulting in an abnormal proliferation of the pilosebaceous duct junction. Cutaneous cysts that may occur on the vulva Eruptive vellus hair cystsĮruptive vellus hair cysts present as multiple small yellow-brown papules usually on the front of the trunk but have been rarely reported on the labia majora. The lesion is usually a single cyst cavity, 1–3 cm in diameter, and drains clear or amber-coloured fluid if ruptured. Remnants of this duct can form a ciliated, or paramesonephric, cyst found incidentally on the labium majorum during pregnancy, puberty, or with other hormonal influences. Ciliated cyst of the vulvaĪt the ninth week of gestation, the paramesonephric duct develops into the fallopian tube. A Gartner cyst is a small solitary unilateral cyst on the front vaginal wall towards one side, which may bulge to present as an interlabial mass in late adolescence. Persistent mesonephric duct remnants in a female are usually associated with congenital abnormalities of the metanephric urinary system such as an ectopic ureter, unilateral renal agenesis or hypoplasia. The mesonephric duct forms the male sexual organs, so should regress completely in the female fetus. Gartner cystĪ Gartner, or mesonephric, cyst develops in remnants of an incompletely regressed mesonephric duct. It is usually detected by five years of age. It presents as a skin-coloured, asymptomatic swelling located in the inguinal area and labium majorum, resembling an inguinal hernia. Cyst of the canal of NuckĪ cyst of the canal of Nuck is a developmental anomaly due to incomplete closure of the round ligament and is the equivalent of a spermatic cord hydrocele in males. Vestibular mucinous cysts typically develop between puberty and the fourth decade. Cysts may be found incidentally, present as a palpable lump noticed by the patient, or cause pain should the cyst become inflamed. Mucinous cysts develop from minor vestibular glands found on the inner labia minora along Hart lines. Diagnosis is usually made by the anatomic location of the cyst. Skene duct cysts can also present in neonates. Bartholin duct cysts are reported to affect 2% of adult women at some time in their life. Cysts may present as a lump, or as painful swelling if the cyst has become infected and an abscess has formed. Skene glands are adjacent to the distal urethra. Bartholin glands are located towards the back and side of the introitus at the 4 o’clock and 8 o’clock positions. Cysts specific to the vulval area Bartholin and Skene duct cystsĬysts of the Bartholin gland or Skene duct contain clear mucoid fluid. Giant epidermoid cyst of the vulva has been described. ![]() The cysts may be solitary or multiple, spontaneous or post-surgical, usually presenting as a painless lump up to a centimetre in diameter. Epidermoid cystĮpidermoid cysts are commonly found on the cutaneous aspect of the labia majora of middle-aged and elderly women. ![]() The patient may be aware of the multiple small lumps, but typically they are asymptomatic and an incidental finding. Vulval milia are 1–2 mm, white cysts very commonly seen on examination of the labia of older women. Common cutaneous cysts on the vulva Milium The location or distribution of the cysts can be characteristic for a particular type of cyst. Vulval cysts are dome-shaped, firm or fluctuant, discrete lesions which may be asymptomatic and noticed incidentally, or present due to pain or dyspareunia which may be cyclic, intermittent, or persistent. What are the clinical features of vulval cysts?
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